山東省農業(yè)技術推廣體系中技術供需主體適應性分析

1、山東省農業(yè)技術推廣體系中技術供需主體適應性分析 I 山東省農業(yè)技術推廣體系中技術供需主體適應性分析 摘 要 農業(yè)是關系到國計民生的基礎性產業(yè)，農業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化建設對推動國民經(jīng)濟健康、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展有著十分重要的作用，作為農業(yè)大省，山東省必須大力完善農業(yè)技術推廣體系，有效開展農業(yè)技術推廣，針對不同農戶的不同技術需求，推廣適用性強的農業(yè)技術，滿足農戶需求，通過改善農戶的農業(yè)生產技術，有效提高生產效率，實現(xiàn)增產增收，進而提高農戶收入水平和生活質量，推

2、動國民經(jīng)濟又好又快發(fā)展。 當前， 山東省農業(yè)技術推廣體系中的技術供給主體與技術需求主體之間產生了一定程度的不適應性， 隨著技術需求主體的不斷分化， 其技術需求呈現(xiàn)出多樣化的特點，而技術供給主體之間缺乏合理有效的協(xié)調和分工， 導致一部分農戶的農業(yè)技術需求得不到滿足，進而降低了農戶參與農業(yè)技術推廣的熱情，阻礙了農業(yè)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，本文從農業(yè)技術供給和需求兩個角度出發(fā)進行分析，結合實地問卷調查，指出農業(yè)技術供需之間存在的不適應性，并結合國外有益借

3、鑒，為山東省農業(yè)技術推廣體系建設提出建議。 本文首先分別對山東省農業(yè)技術推廣體系中技術供給主體和需求主體的基本情況進行了分析，將技術供給主體劃分為政府主導農業(yè)技術推廣組織、企業(yè)主導農業(yè)技術推廣組織、科研機構主導農業(yè)技術推廣組織和農村合作組織農業(yè)技術推廣組織，將技術需求主體劃分為小規(guī)模兼業(yè)農戶、合作經(jīng)營農戶和專業(yè)種植大戶，并分別歸納出各供給主體的技術供給特點和各需求主體的技術需求特點， 總結其發(fā)展的趨勢和存在的問題；然后通過分析調查問卷的

4、統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，深入探討了山東省農業(yè)技術供需主體之間的不適應性，指出當前山東省農業(yè)技術推廣體系中存在需求與供給脫節(jié)、各技術供給主體分工不明、農業(yè)技術信息傳播不暢和農業(yè)推廣體系發(fā)展緩慢等問題；隨后，對美、日、荷等國的農業(yè)技術推廣體系建設進行有益借鑒，包括加強政府主導地位、重視推廣人員素質教育、重視農協(xié)組織建設等；最后分別針對農業(yè)技術供給主體、需求主體和保障制度三方面，提出了適用于山東省自身特點的農業(yè)技術推廣體系改革建議，對于農業(yè)技術供給主體，應

5、建立以農戶需求為導向的農業(yè)技術供給，協(xié)調供給主體之間分工與協(xié)作，強化政府行為的主導地位，完善推廣隊伍建設，提高人員素質，完善農業(yè)技術推廣運行機制；對于農業(yè)技術需求主體，應大力提高農戶文化素質，促山東省農業(yè)技術推廣體系中技術供需主體適應性分析 III Adaptability Analysis on Supply and Demand in Shandong Province’s Agricultural Technology Exten

6、sion System Abstract Agriculture is basic industry, it’s related to the national economy and the people’s livelihood. Modernization of agriculture plays a very important role in the national economy’s healthy and stable

7、development. As a major agricultural province, Shandong Province must improve agricultural technology extension system vigorously, and make agricultural technology promotion effective implementation. Shandong should prom

8、ote different agricultural technologies applicability to meet the different needs of farmers, and improve agricultural production technology to improve production efficiency, therefore farmers’ income and quality of life

9、 will increase. However, there is maladjustment between supply side and demand side of agricultural technology extension system in Shandong Province. With the differentiation of the technical demand side, farmers’ techn

10、ical requirements become diversification. Due to the lack of effective coordination and division in technical supply side, some farmers’ agricultural technology needs are not met, therefore, the enthusiasm of farmers to

11、participate in the promotion of agricultural technology becomes lower. There is an urgent need for the agricultural technology extension system for a series of reforms to promote the coordination between supply and deman

12、d of agricultural technology, greatly improving the efficiency of agricultural technology extension. This paper analyzes the basic situation of supply side and demand side of agricultural technology extension system in S

13、handong Province first of all. Technical supply side is divided into government-led agricultural technology extension organization, enterprise-led agricultural technology extension organization, research institutions lea

14、ding agricultural technology extension organization and rural cooperative organization. Technical demand side is divided into small-scale farmers, co-operative farmers and professional farmers. This paper summarizes thei