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1、Cidatename__________________________________________________________________INTERNATIONALENGLISHLANGUAGETESTINGSYSTEM03811AcademicReadingPRACTICEMATERIALS1hourAdditionalmaterials:AnswersheetfListeningReadingTime1hourINST

2、RUCTIONSTOCIDATESDonotopenthisquestionpaperuntilyouaretoldtodoso.Writeyournamecidatenumberinthespacesatthetopofthispage.Readtheinstructionsfeachpartofthepapercarefully.Answerallthequestions.Writeyouranswersontheanswershe

3、et.Useapencil.Youmustcompletetheanswersheetwithinthetimelimit.Attheendofthetesthinthisquestionpaperyouranswersheet.INFMATIONFCIDATESThereare40questionsonthisquestionpaper.Eachquestioncarriesonemark.3SeaweedsofNewZealASea

4、weedisaparticularlywholesomefoodwhichabsbsconcentratestracesofawidevarietyofmineralsnecessarytothebody’shealth.Manyelementsmayoccurinseaweedaluminumbariumcalciumchlinecopperiodineirontonamebutafewtracesnmallyproducedbyer

5、osioncarriedtotheseaweedbedsbyriverseacurrents.SeaweedsarealsorichinvitaminsindeedInuitsobtainahighproptionoftheirbodilyrequirementsofvitaminCfromtheseaweedstheyeat.Thehealthbenefitsofseaweedhavelongbeenrecognized.Finsta

6、ncethereisaremarkablylowincidenceofgoiteramongtheJapanesealsoamongNewZeal’sindigenousMaipeoplewhohavealwayseatenseaweedsthismaywellbeattributedtothehighiodinecontentofthisfood.ResearchintohisticalMaieatingcustomsshowstha

7、tjelliesweremadeusingseaweedsnutsfuchsiatutuberriescapegooseberriesmanyotherfruitsbothnativetoNewZealsowntherefromseedsbroughtbysettlersexples.Aswithanyplantlifesomeseaweedsaremepalatablethanothersbutinasurvivalsituation

8、mostseaweedscouldbechewedtoprovideacertainsustenance.BNewZeallaysclaimtoapproximately700speciesofseaweedsomeofwhichhavenorepresentationoutsidethatcountry.OfseveralspeciesgrownwldwideNewZealalsohasaparticularlylargeshare.

9、FexampleitisestimatedthatNewZealhassome30speciesofGigartinaacloserelativeofcarrageenofIrishmoss.TheseareoftenreferredtoastheNewZealcarrageens.Thesubstancecalledagarwhichcanbeextractedfromthesespeciesgivesthemgreatcommerc

10、ialapplicationintheproductionofseamealfromwhichseamealcustard(afoodproduct)ismadeinthecanningpaintleatherindustries.Agarisalsousedinthemanufactureofcoughmixturescosmeticsconfectionerytoothpastes.InfactduringWldWarIINewZe

11、alGigartinaweresenttoAustraliatobeusedintoothpaste.CNewZealhasmanyofthecommerciallyprofitableredseaweedsseveralspeciesofwhichareasourceofagar(PterocladiaGelidiumChondrusGigartina).Despitethistheseseaweedswerenotmuchutili

12、zeduntilseveraldecadesago.AlthoughdistributionoftheGigartinaisconfinedtocertainareasaccdingtospecies.eventhentheeastcoasttheareaaroundHokiangahaveaconsiderablesupplyofthetwospeciesofPterocladiafromwhichagarisalsomade.New

13、ZealusedtoimpttheNthernHemisphereIrishmoss(Chondruscrispus)fromEnglreadymadeagarfromJapan.DSeaweedsaredividedintothreeclassesdeterminedbycolourredbrowngreeneachtendstoliveinaspecificposition.Howeverexpectftheunmistakable

14、sealettuce(Ulva)fewaretotallyonecolourespeciallywhendrysomespeciescanchangecolsignificantlyabrownonemayturnquiteblackaredoneappearblackbrownpinkpurple.Identificationisneverthelessfacilitatedbythefactthatthefactswhichdete

15、rminewhereaseaweedwillgrowarequiteprecisetheytendtherefetooccurinverywelldefinedzones.Althoughthereareexceptionsthegreenseaweedsaremainlyshallowwateralgaethebrownsbelongtothemediumdepthstheredsareplantsofthedeeperwaterfu

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